{"id":8,"date":"2015-11-20T10:05:11","date_gmt":"2015-11-20T08:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/?page_id=8"},"modified":"2015-12-08T09:50:38","modified_gmt":"2015-12-08T08:50:38","slug":"definitions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/definitions\/","title":{"rendered":"Definitions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Residence status:<\/u><\/strong>
\nNative taxon<\/strong> \u2013 evolved in Slovakia, or arrived there before the beginning of the Neolithic era or came to the region afterwards but through methods entirely independent of human activity. If the taxon is considered to be native at any locality within the territory of Slovakia, it is not included in the list of alien taxa (e.g. Telekia speciosa<\/i>).
\nAlien taxon <\/strong>\u2013 arrived in Slovakia after the beginning of the Neolithic era, was introduced either directly by man or as a result of human activity and was recorded growing wild at least once. Hybrids<\/strong> with non-native taxa are considered to be alien because they would not occur without the presence of their alien parent. The hybrids that are cultivated and do not have any recorded locality outside of the cultivation area were excluded from the list. The hybrids of two archaeophytes or of an archaeophyte and a\u00a0native taxon are considered to be archaeophytes, even if they were recently recorded because it is possible that the nothotaxon might have also hybridized in the past. The hybrids with one neophyte parent, regardless of the residence status of the other parent, are considered to be neophytes.
\nResidence time <\/u><\/strong>(sensu Py\u0161ek et al. 2004)<\/strong>:
\nArchaeophyte<\/strong> \u2013 alien taxon introduced to the territory from the beginning of Neolithic agriculture up to the year 1500.
\nNeophyte<\/strong> \u2013 alien taxon introduced to the territory after 1500.<\/p>\n

Invasion status (sensu Richardson et al. 2000):<\/u><\/strong>
\nCasual taxon<\/strong> \u2013 alien taxon that may flourish and eventually reproduce in an area but does not form self-reproducing populations and therefore is dependent on repeated introductions.
\nNaturalized taxon <\/strong>\u2013 reproduces regularly, forming stable populations lasting for many life cycles.
\nInvasive taxon<\/strong> \u2013 naturalized alien spreading over a considerable area in a relatively short time.<\/p>\n

The time of introduction<\/u><\/strong> \u2013 for the archaeophytes<\/strong> it refers to the era for which we have the first archaeological evidence of the taxon\u2019s occurrence within the region, namely the Neolithic and Aeneolithic era (5000\u20131900 BC), Bronze Age (1900\u2013700 BC), Iron Age (700\u20130 BC), Roman period and Migration period (0\u2013565 AD) or Medieval period (565\u20131500 AD). For neophytes<\/strong> it refers to the year of its first reported occurrence in the region. The taxon might have occurred in the region before this date; however, we have no published record of its presence.
\nThe year of the first known occurrence in the wild<\/strong> \u2013 (that is, at a place where the taxon was not deliberately planted) is included for the taxa that were introduced deliberately. For the taxa that were introduced unintentionally, the year of introduction is the same as the year of the first documented occurrence in the wild.<\/p>\n

Introduction mode<\/u><\/strong> (main pathway of introduction of the taxa into the country):
\nDeliberate <\/strong>\u2013 imported purposefully by man.
\nUnintentional <\/strong>\u2013 as an incidental result of human activity.<\/p>\n

The abundance in Slovakia<\/u><\/strong> is derived from the number of records in the CDF and ISTB and from other published and unpublished sources.<\/p>\n

The distribution of the taxa<\/u><\/strong> (based on the phytogeographic division of Slovakia according to Fut\u00e1k 1980):
\nBeschidicum occidentale<\/strong> region includes the flysch-based mountains in the north-western region of the country.
\nBeschidicum orientale<\/strong> region includes the flysch-based mountains in the north-eastern region of the country.
\nCarpathicum orientale<\/strong> region is the small region in the north-eastern corner of the territory, which is part of the Eastern Carpathians.
\nEucarpaticum<\/strong> region includes the highest mountain ranges in the north of Slovakia.
\nEupannonicum<\/strong> region consists of lowlands in the south-eastern and south-western regions of the country.
\nIntercarpaticum<\/strong> region consists of the large basins between the mountain ranges of the Eucarpaticum.
\nMatricum<\/strong> region consists of lowlands in the centre of southern Slovakia.
\nPraecarpaticum<\/strong> region includes majority of the highlands.<\/p>\n

Land use<\/u><\/strong> (type of invaded habitat):
\nHuman-made<\/strong> \u2013 built-up areas, parks, gardens, orchards, agricultural land, all the types of ruderal vegetation and the other types of habitats that are seriously altered by human activity, e.g. the cooling ponds of thermal spas.
\nSemi-natural<\/strong> \u2013 cultural landscapes that are moderately affected by man, such as pastures, regularly mown grasslands and quarries.
\nNatural<\/strong> \u2013 forests and naturally treeless vegetation (alpine vegetation, wetlands, etc.).<\/p>\n

The classification and nomenclature of the syntaxa<\/strong> are based on Jarol\u00edmek & \u0160ib\u00edk (2008). For the taxa found in a wide spectrum of various syntaxa, only the most important syntaxa were stated.<\/p>\n

Life forms<\/u><\/strong> (Raunki\u00e6r life-form classification):<\/p>\n

Therophyte<\/strong> \u2013 annual plant, which completes its life-cycle rapidly under favourable conditions and survives the unfavourable cold or dry season in the form of seed.
\nHemicryptophyte<\/strong> \u2013 perennial plant with buds located at or near the soil surface.
\nChamaephyte <\/strong>\u2013 perennial plant with buds located on persistent shoots near the ground, no more than 25 cm above the soil surface.
\nPhanerophyte<\/strong> \u2013 projecting into the air on stems with resting buds more than 25 cm above soil level, e.g. trees and shrubs.
\nGeophyte<\/strong> \u2013 perennial plant with buds resting in dry ground.
\nHydrophyte <\/strong>\u2013 resting by being submerged under water.<\/p>\n

Origin<\/u><\/strong> \u2013 refers to the continents of which the taxon is considered to be native. Because some of the taxa have arisen through cultivation or hybridization, a cultivation category and hybrid category are also included.<\/p>\n

References:<\/u><\/strong>
\nFut\u00e1k J. (1980): Fytogeografick\u00e9 \u010dlenenie [Phytogeographical classification]. \u2013 In: Maz\u00far E. (ed.), Atlas Slovenskej socialistickej republiky [Atlas of the Slovak Socialist Republic], p. 88, Slov. \u00fastav geod\u00e9zie a kartografie SAV, Bratislava.<\/p>\n

Jarol\u00edmek I. & \u0160ib\u00edk J. (eds) (2008): Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of the higher vegetation units of Slovakia. \u2013 Veda, Bratislava.<\/p>\n

Py\u0161ek P., Richardson D. M., Rejm\u00e1nek M.,Webster G. L.,Williamson M. & Kirschner J. (2004): Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. \u2013 Taxon 53: 131\u2013143.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Residence status: Native taxon \u2013 evolved in Slovakia, or arrived there before the beginning of the Neolithic era or came to the region afterwards but…read more »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65,"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/65"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dass.sav.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}